Is U.S. Dependence on China for the Battery Supply Chain a National Security Risk?

Payne Institute Fellow Josh Busby writes about how the minerals necessary for the clean energy transition such as lithium, cobalt, copper, and graphite are sourced from various countries, China dominates their processing and other steps along the battery supply chain.  This paper explores the narrow U.S. national security argument based on the dual use of batteries in military technologies and how to reconcile the trade-off with increased on-shoring and ally-shoring of production with the potential for slowing down the clean energy transition due to higher costs and lower efficiencies.  September 1, 2023.